All corresponding authors retain full, perpetual, worldwide copyright of their original submitted research manuscripts. This journal will never require authors to sign copyright transfer, assignment or exclusive licensing agreements at any stage of submission, peer review or formal publication.

This non-exclusive license does not limit authors’ subsequent independent reuse, translation, reorganization, derivative publication of their own research content. Authors can republish revised versions of their work in other academic carriers, only needing to formally cite the original article first published in this journal.

All manuscripts formally accepted, typeset and assigned a permanent DOI by this journal are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Under this license, any individual, university, research institute, commercial enterprise or non-profit organization may copy, distribute, share, adapt, remix and reconstruct published articles for both commercial and non-commercial purposes without prior written permission from authors or the journal.

No extra authorization application or supplementary fees are required for CC BY-compliant secondary use of articles. The complete legal text of the license can be viewed on the official Creative Commons website.

This journal allows authors to reorganize, rewrite and adapt undergraduate, master’s or doctoral dissertations into independent academic manuscripts for submission and publication, with strict copyright and submission compliance requirements as follows:

The corresponding author must hold complete, unencumbered copyright of the original thesis. If the university, research institute or other institution holds partial or exclusive copyright of the graduation thesis, the author shall obtain formal written publication authorization from the copyright owner before submitting the manuscript to this journal. Any copyright disputes arising from unpublished authorization shall be solely borne by the corresponding author.

The submitted manuscript must undergo comprehensive rewriting, structural reorganization, data reorganization and argument upgrading to form independent academic research content. Simple segmentation, cropping and direct excerpting of thesis chapters without substantial revision is not permitted. The text overlap ratio between the submitted manuscript and the original graduation thesis shall not exceed the threshold specified in the journal submission guidelines.

At the initial submission stage, authors must clearly state in the cover letter that the manuscript is adapted from their graduation thesis, and add the complete bibliographic information of the original thesis in the reference list of the manuscript. Concealment of thesis source information is deemed an irregular submission behavior.

If the editorial office verifies that the author concealed the thesis origin, or the text repetition rate between the manuscript and the original thesis exceeds the specified limit, the journal reserves the right to issue an immediate desk rejection. All copyright and CC BY 4.0 license clauses recorded in this statement equally apply to all accepted thesis-derived manuscripts after full compliance with the above rules.

Voluntary Author-Initiated Withdrawal (No Academic Misconduct Confirmed)

If the corresponding author submits a formal written withdrawal application for published manuscripts without verified plagiarism, data fabrication, duplicate submission or fake peer review, the full text of the article shall be permanently retained on the journal website, with an official standardized withdrawal notice attached to the article page. The full text cannot be deleted, and the DOI identifier remains permanently valid. The original author copyright and CC BY 4.0 license effect of the article will not change.

Retraction Due to Verified Academic Misconduct

After joint investigation by the editorial office and editorial board confirms serious academic misconduct including plagiarism, data fabrication, concurrent submission and fake peer review, the journal reserves the right to permanently remove the full text from online archives, release an official retraction announcement, and notify all cooperating academic indexing databases simultaneously.

The original copyright of the manuscript still belongs to the corresponding author, but all secondary reuse rights under CC BY 4.0 will be suspended for the retracted article. All paid APC and Priority Production Service fees for such manuscripts are non-refundable in accordance with the refund policy.